Tanner Young
Al Young
2006-11-30T05:04:21Z
2006-11-30T00:27:00Z
2007-07-11T22:33:00Z
UCLA MC EMC
11.5703
11688
15180
120
72
False
False
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation |
Tanner Young |
Mechanism |
On/Off |
Volume |
How Does it Function? |
A2 |
Activators |
Enhancers and Chemical Initiation |
Presence of other transcription factors and Control Elements |
The Activator is a special transcirption factor that binds to an enhancer. This complex allows other transciprtion factors and an RNA polymerase to attach to make pre-mRNA. |
|
Transcription Factors |
Chemical Initiation and Attachment to a Transcription Complex |
Control Elements |
It binds to a specific sequence of DNA and a complex allows for pre-mRNA synthesis. |
|
Splicing |
RNA Processing |
How many interons and other non-coding strands are in the RNA. |
Splicosomes form around the pre-mRNA. The complexes in turn break the pre-MRA into the form that it will be utilized by the cell. |
|
Steroids |
Presence in a cell |
Amount secreted |
It binds to a receptor protein in the cytoplasm or nucleus. It then acts as a transcription factor. |
|
Ribosome |
Presence of mRNA |
Amount of mRNA |
It binds to an mRNA molecule, and it translates the mRNA into a polypeptide chain. |
|
Enhancers |
Presence of Activators |
How much the DNA bends to initiate transcription of DNA. |
Enhancers are DNA sequences that bind to activators. These activators in turn position the transciption complex prior to transcription. |
|
Degredation Time |
How quickly a molecule (mRNA or a protein) deteriorates by chemical reaction. |
What molecular groups surround the molecule. (The more groups the longer the degredation time.) |
A molecule-either mRNA or a protein-will break down by enzyme catalisys in a certain period of time. For example a hemoglobin mRNA can last indefinitely because of its moelecular structure, but another can only last a few hours. |
|
Acytlation |
Chemical Initiation |
How removed the DNA needs to be from the histone. |
An enzyme attaches acytl groups to histones to break the DNA away temporarlily for transcription or DNA repair. |
|
Phosphorylation |
Chemical Stimulation |
How long the phosphate group remains attached to the protein. |
A phosphate group attaches to a transcription molecule making it useless until the phsophate is removed. This allows the cell to compensate for too much transcription. |
|
Methylation |
Chemical Stimuli |
How many genes need to be deactivated. |
Methyl groups are attached to the DNA molecule rendering transcription impossible. |
|
Mutation |
Random DNA Synthesis Errors |
How well the cell repairs its own DNA. |
It causes changes in a gene, and this leads to a change in either the gene's ability to be transcirbed or its ability to be processed properly. |
|
Gene |
Methylation |
Transcrption factor concentration |
It codes for pre-mRNA. It is transcirbed by the transcription complex. |
|
Transposons |
Presence of Proteins |
Amount of Proteins |
They move around the genome in the same that prokaryotes do, except their movement is based on RNA not DNA. The cell uses reverse transcriptase to intorduce the DNA into the proper genome position. |
|
Amplification |
Presence of Mutliple Copies of a Gene |
How many are present |
The amplified gene will make many more copies of itself than it would normally. This is why trisomy is so dangerous to humans. It leads to a disproportionate amount of proteins from a chromosome. |
-3
0
3
5
7
False
False